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Gain

It is the increase of voltage, current, or power over standard or previous reading.  It is usually expressed in decibels (dB).  Automatic gain control, AGC, is a circuit which automatically adjusts the input gain of a device, in order to provide a safe and consistent signal level. AGCs can be handy features, but professional applications often require manual gain control for optimum results.

Gage

It means the physical diameter of a wire.  It is a standard for expressing wire diameter.  As the AWG number gets smaller, the wire diameter gets larger.

Gamma (Gamma correction, Gamma nonlinearity, Gamma Encoding, Gamma compression)

Is the name of a nonlinear operation used to code and decode luminance or tristimulus values in video or still image systems is used to encode linear luminance or RGB values into video signals or digital video file values; gamma expansion is the inverse, or decoding, process, and occurs largely in the nonlinearity of the electron-gun current–voltage curve in cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor systems, which acts as a kind of spontaneous decoder. Gamma encoding helps to map data (both analog and digital) into a more perceptually uniform domain.

Gateway

A device connected to multiple physical TCP/IP networks capable of routing or delivering IP packets between them. A gateway translates between different transport protocols or data formats (for example, IPX and IP) and is generally added to a network primarily for its translation ability.

In the context of interoperating with Novell NetWare networks, a gateway acts as a bridge between the server message block (SMB) protocol used by Windows networks and the NetWare core protocol (NCP) used by NetWare networks. A gateway is also called an IP router.

Gigabyte (GB)

1,024 megabytes, though often interpreted as approximately one billion bytes.

Global Positioning System, GPS

It is a space-based global navigation satellite system that provides reliable location and time information in all weather and at all times and anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.  It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver.

Ground

An electrical connection between a circuit and the earth.  Also refers to a conductor connected to earth.  In some instances, can refer to a central metallic point designated as having zero potential.

Ground Conductor

A conductor in a transmission cable or line that is grounded.

Ground Loop

It refers to a completed circuit between shielded pairs of a multiple pair created by random contact between shields.  It is an undesirable circuit condition in which interference is created by ground currents when grounds are connected at more than one point.

Ground Potential

It means potential of the earth.  A circuit, terminal, or chassis is said to be at ground potential when it is used as a reference point for other potentials in the system.